FFT yields two-times the actual frequency

I have the following code that records the audio through mic, then computes and plots its FFT.

clear all
close all

recorder = audiorecorder(44100,16,1);
recordblocking(recorder,2);
xtmessage = getaudiodata(recorder);

xaxis = zeros(88200,1);

%frequncy axis
for i=1:88200
    xaxis(i)=i-44101;
end

xfmessage=fft(xtmessage);

xfmessage=fftshift(xfmessage);

figure(2)
plot(xaxis,abs(xfmessage)/length(xfmessage),'r') %normalize the amplitude

Now, I generate sound using online tone generators in a quiet room with no background noise. However, the FFT plot always shows the 2x the frequency of the tone I generate. For instance, I make 440Hz sound, FFT shows impulses at +-880Hz, I make 2kHz sound, FFT shows impulses at +-4kHz. Following screenshot illustrates my problem,

Why is this? What am I doing wrong?

[dpb]

Using the wrong sample rate in the frequency calc, apparently. The FFT has no inkling what the actual sample frequency is; it's all dependent upon you calculating the correct dF for the actual sample rate.

Fs = YourSampleFrequency;  % Hz
Y = fft(y);                % y is sampled waveform
P2 = abs(Y/L);             % 2-side PSD
P1 = P2(1:L/2+1);          % Only positive frequency (ignore if want keep both +/-)
P1(2:end-1)=2*P1(2:end-1); % Scale one-sided (ditto above if two-sided)

L=SizeOfFFT;
f = Fs*(0:(L/2))/L;

Above from Example in FFT doc for context.

Looks like you forgot Nyquist and didn't divide Fmax by two, maybe...altho I didn't try to read your code in great detail.

Answer 1

[Star Strider]

The problem appears to be the way the frequency axis (‘xaxis’) is computed. The limits should be ±Fn, where ‘Fn’ is the Nyquist frequency.

Example —

Fs = 44100;                                     % Sampling Frequency
Fn = Fs/2;                                      % Nyquist Frequency
xaxis = linspace(-1, 1, size(xfmessage,1))*Fn;  % Assumes ‘xfmessage’ Is A Column Vector 

That should produce the correct result.

[Yavuz Selim Tozlu]

You were right, I should have scaled the x-axis by 1/2 to fit the criteria.

[Star Strider]

Thank you.

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