Sorry, just realized my mistake! For any future visitors to this question, I had forgotten to add a line at the end of the plotting script that was essential. Please see the adjusted code below, specifically the last line:
[xgrid1,ygrid1] = meshgrid(-92:0.1:-84,36:0.1:43);
figure
plot(US(:,2),US(:,1));
xlabel('Longitude');
ylabel('Latitude');
title('USHCN Station Distribution');
daspect([1 1 1]);
xlim([-92 -84])
ylim([36 43])
hold on
plot(ILINStations(:,2),ILINStations(:,1), '.');
plot(xgrid1,ygrid1,'k-');
plot(xgrid1',ygrid','k-');